The Strategy

One mechanism can never be enough
to address the complexity of ageing.

Many anti-aging routines rely on controlled damage (micro-tears, peels, and turnover) to trick the skin into repair mode. Instead of forcing a cycle of stress and recovery, our approach is to to defend and maintain the structural integrity you already have.
We trust visible results over theoretical concepts.

What is Muse 28?

Reinforcing Barriers

Astaxanthin is used to reinforce the skin’s moisture barrier.¹

A compromised barrier allows hydration to escape and stressors to enter. We use Astaxanthin to help maintain the structural integrity of the skin surface, keeping it resilient and firm.
Enhancing Osmolyte Stability

Betaine helps moisturize skin.²

When there is too much water outside the cell, it creates hypoosmotic stress. The cells begin to swell as water floods through the cell membrane. When there is too little water, that is called hypertonic stress. Water rushes out of the cell and it shrivels up. Betaine has been observed to help maintain a balanced, isotonic environment.
Reducing Oxidative Stress

Astaxanthin is 6000 times stronger than Vitamin C in combating oxidative stress.³

When fruit is left exposed to oxygen, they visibly change due to the shifting of electrons from oxidation. Your cells are no different.
Igniting Metabolomics

Alpha-ketoglutarate is a key component of the Krebs Cycle, studied for its role in restoring cellular energy.⁴

As we age, skin metabolism slows down. We use alpha-ketoglutarate to re-ignite the appearance of youthful vitality by supporting the skin's natural energy pathways.
Optimizing Cellular Environment

Alpha-ketoglutarate and glycine have been studied for their role in cellular longevity.⁴⁻⁵

Thousands of genes are implicated in the process of cellular aging. Many genes are interconnected; elevating one may affect another. These complex webs are difficult to untangle, and only through observation of the final impact on cellular resilience can we begin to grasp the importance of individual genes for skin vitality.
Comforting the Microbiome

A pH of about 4 to 5 is optimal for beneficial bacteria.⁶

At a pH near tomato juice, Muse 28 supports a healthy skin microbiome. If you have been using other skincare products, be sure to check them with a pH test strip. It should be slightly acidic.
Supplementing Minerals and Nutrients

More is not always better in biology.⁷

We aim to supplement common vitamin and mineral deficiencies, with daily use in mind. We only add what is necessary. When too much of a particular vitamin or mineral is applied, the resulting imbalances can have negative consequences.

References

1. Kidd, P., 2011. Astaxanthin, cell membrane nutrient with diverse clinical benefits and anti-aging potential. Altern Med Rev, 16(4), pp.355–364.
2. Stasiulewicz, M., Panuszko, A., Bruździak, P. and Stangret, J., 2022. Mechanism of Osmolyte Stabilization–Destabilization of Proteins: Experimental Evidence. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 126(16), pp.2990–2999.
3. Fassett, R.G. and Coombes, J.S., 2012. Astaxanthin in cardiovascular health and disease. Molecules, 17(2), pp.2030–2048.
4. Naeini, S.H., Mavaddatiyan, L., Kalkhoran, Z.R., Taherkhani, S. and Talkhabi, M., 2023. Alpha-ketoglutarate as a potent regulator for lifespan and healthspan. Experimental Gerontology, 175, p.112154.
5. Johnson, A.A. and Cuellar, T.L., 2023. Glycine and aging: Evidence and mechanisms. Ageing Research Reviews, p.101922.
6. Lambers, H., Piessens, S., Bloem, A., Pronk, H. and Finkel, P., 2006. Natural skin surface pH is on average below 5, which is beneficial for its resident flora. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 28(5), pp.359–370.
7. Roop, J.K., 2018. Hypervitaminosis—an emerging pathological condition. Int J Heal Sci Res, 8, p.280.